Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML is a sterile and pyrogenic solution commonly used in medical protocols for the restoration and maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. It is used to provide hydration to patients experiencing dehydration, loss of body fluids following surgery, trauma, extensive burns or gastrointestinal losses, supporting blood volume and blood pressure. The 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution is known as a physiological solution because its osmolarity is similar to that of body fluids, making it ideal for intravenous infusion without altering the normal osmolarity values of the blood. The 500ML container is designed to allow controlled and safe administration, adaptable to different therapeutic needs in both hospital and outpatient settings. The solution is clear, free of visible particles, and packaged in sterile conditions to ensure maximum safety during use. Use is recommended by qualified healthcare personnel in order to ensure correct management of infusion therapy and prevent associated complications.
Therapeutic Indications
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML is indicated for the replenishment of body fluids and lost electrolytes, particularly in situations of hypovolemia, severe dehydration, shock, or after major surgical operations where the loss of blood or fluids must be promptly corrected. It is also used for the dilution of compatible drugs that require intravenous administration or for washing catheters and venous devices. This solution is fundamental in resuscitation protocols, especially in cases of hypovolemic shock and in situations where large electrolyte losses occur, such as in burns or profuse diarrhea. Another important indication is represented by the maintenance of hydration and vascular volume in patients who cannot take liquids orally. The solution can also be used in pediatrics and geriatrics, adapting the volumes administered in relation to the weight and clinical conditions of the patient. It is also used in hemodialysis protocols to maintain the correct salt balance. The infusion is usually carried out at a controlled rate, based on therapeutic needs and under close medical supervision to minimize the risk of sodium or fluid overload.
Composition
Active ingredient: Each ml of solution contains 9 mg of sodium chloride, corresponding to a concentration of 0.9%, balanced to ensure electrolyte balance. In a 500ML bottle there are therefore 4.5 g of sodium chloride, equivalent to approximately 77 mmol of sodium ions and 77 mmol of chloride ions per liter of solution. This formulation is isotonic with respect to the body's extracellular fluids, limiting the risk of hemolysis and alterations of the osmotic balance.
Excipients: Water for injections as vehicle, no preservatives, product free of additional agents, colorings or potentially irritating additives. The package is made of medical plastic material suitable for infusion solutions, approved for parenteral use, and the closures are sealed to guarantee integrity and microbiological safety throughout the entire life cycle of the product. The pH of the solution normally varies between 4.5 and 7.0, for excellent tolerability.
Contraindications
The use of Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to sodium chloride or to any of the excipients. It should not be administered to subjects with severe salt and water retention, congestive heart failure, severe renal failure with oliguria or anuria, generalized edema, hypernatremia or hyperchloremia. Particular attention should be paid to patients with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis with ascites, uncontrolled hypertension or other conditions in which sodium administration may be harmful. It must also be avoided in cases of acute pulmonary edema and in situations where there is a risk of fluid overload, considering that too rapid correction of electrolyte alterations can have serious clinical consequences. Before proceeding with administration, it is essential to carefully evaluate any clinical condition that may contraindicate the use of the solution and consult qualified medical personnel.
Safety of the drug for the species
The 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution is generally safe for human use when the indicated methods and dosages are respected. However, the risk of electrolyte imbalances or excessive sodium and fluid accumulation is increased in patients with comorbidities, particularly with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment. In children, the elderly, and debilitated patients, it is important to constantly monitor for signs of hypernatremia, fluid overload, and changes in blood pressure. In case of prolonged infusions or high volumes, periodic blood tests must be performed to evaluate the main metabolic parameters such as serum sodium and chloride concentrations and any changes in blood pH. The onset of symptoms such as edema, dyspnoea, increased blood pressure, headache, convulsions, or alterations in the state of consciousness should be considered as an alarm signal requiring immediate review of infusion therapy. Compliance with specific indications and continuous monitoring by qualified healthcare personnel ensure a high safety profile of the solution.
Precautions
The use of Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML requires particular precautions in the presence of renal, hepatic and cardiac pathologies, as well as in elderly subjects and children due to susceptibility to hydroelectric imbalances. It is essential to periodically check renal function, blood pressure and the trend of acid-base balance to avoid conditions of hyperchloremia or hypernatremia. Attention should also be paid to patients undergoing concomitant therapies with corticosteroids or other drugs that can promote salt and water retention. During the infusion, it is necessary to observe the injection site to avoid the appearance of phlebitis or signs of extravasation. The product must also be used with particular caution in the management of patients with respiratory failure or at risk of pulmonary edema, in whom even small increases in extracellular volume can be deleterious.
Additional precautions must be taken during handling and administration: use sterile material, do not administer the solution if the container appears damaged or the liquid is not clear, and avoid mixing with incompatible drugs without specific medical indication. Properly dispose of residues and materials that have come into contact with the solution according to current regulations for medical waste.
Method of administration
The administration of Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML must take place exclusively intravenously and under medical supervision. Before use, check the integrity of the container and the clarity of the solution. The rate and volume of infusion must be personalized according to the age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and the degree of fluid and electrolyte deficit. If used for dissolving or diluting compatible drugs, carefully follow the specific instructions of the added medicine to ensure the safety and effectiveness of administration.
During administration, maintain sterile conditions to avoid contamination that could induce serious systemic infections. Monitor the patient for any signs of an adverse reaction such as pain, swelling, redness or fluid leakage in the infusion area. At the end of the infusion, dispose of the container and any residual solution in compliance with current regulations, avoiding reuse that may compromise the safety and effectiveness of the therapy.
Treatment program
The treatment program with Sodium Chloride 0.9% Solution for Intravenous Infusion 500ML depends on the patient's clinical picture and therapeutic objectives. In case of hypovolemic shock or acute dehydration, the treatment involves a rapid infusion of calibrated volumes to re-establish the water balance, while in prolonged treatments the dosage must be further adapted depending on the results of clinical and laboratory monitoring. In maintenance protocols, the infusion is performed with a controlled speed by distributing the overall volume based on 24 hours and evaluating any treatment needs with other electrolytes or energy substrates. For the dilution of drugs, the quantity of solution will vary in relation to the active ingredient to be administered and compatibility, ensuring that the mixture maintains the infusion safety characteristics.
In pediatric and geriatric administration, the program must be personalized to minimize the risk of overload, adapting the speed to clinical tolerance and conditions of renal and cardiac function. Medical supervision remains essential during the entire therapeutic cycle.
Target species
Humans
