Dermatitis in dogs: causes, diagnosis and management

Dermatitis describes a skin problem, not a single diagnosis. Its cause must be identified before choosing medicines, a diet or topical products.

Different causes can look alike

Itching, redness, hair loss and ear inflammation may be caused by parasites, allergies, infections or other conditions. The appearance and location of lesions provide guidance but do not replace diagnostic tests.

Food allergy and other adverse food reactions should not be inferred by removing ingredients at random.

Diagnosis before treatment

The process may include parasite control, cytology and a structured dietary trial when indicated. Antibiotics and antifungals should only be used after a relevant diagnosis.

Plant-based or cosmetic remedies must not be presented as antibacterial treatment.

Long-term management

Treatment depends on the cause and may require follow-up checks. Rapid changes, pain, discharge or extensive lesions warrant a prompt examination.

Sources and document updates

This information is general and does not replace diagnosis, prescription or instructions from a veterinarian. For a medicine, the summary of product characteristics or package leaflet for the specific presentation is authoritative.

• AAHA — Management of allergic skin diseases in dogs and cats (accessed 24/07/2026)
• ICADA — Clinical publications on allergic diseases of animals (accessed 24/07/2026)
• European Commission — Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine (accessed 24/07/2026)

Editorial transparency: sources are provided to allow the documents to be checked. Professional review is only declared after genuine approval by a qualified, identifiable person.